|
Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa, 17th Marquis of Cerralbo (1845 – 1922), was a Spanish archaeologist and a Carlist politician. ==Family and youth== Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa came from the aristocratic family for centuries residing in the Salamanca province;〔Eduardo Valero, ''Salamanca y la Casa de Cerralbo'', () ''Historia Urbana de Madrid'', available (here )〕 his ancestors can be traced back to the 14th century, and it was in 1533 when his forefather was named marquis by Carlos I.〔Eduardo Valero, ''Genealogía de un marqués'', () ''Historia Urbana de Madrid'', available (here ), see also (museo de cerralbo ), (geneanet ), and (geneallnet ) (none of the above complete). Official marquesado document is quoted in: Agustín Fernández Escudero, ''El marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922): biografía politica'' (thesis ), Madrid 2012, pp. 18-19〕 His father, Francisco de Asís de Aguilera y Becerril, was the founder and director of Gimnasio Real de Madrid (Casón del Buen Retiro) and became known as promoter of physical exercises, supported with a number of machines he invented himself.〔Eduardo Valero, ''Retrato de juventud'', () ''Historia Urbana de Madrid'', available (here ) 〕 Married to María Luisa de Gamboa y López de León, the couple had 13 children.〔Eduardo Valero, ''La España que recibe a Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa'', () ''Historia Urbana de Madrid'', available (here )〕 Enrique was first educated at the Madrid Colegio de las Escuelas Pías de San Fernando, later on to study Philosophy and Letters and Law at the Universidad Central.〔''Historia del Museo y su Fundador'', () Museo Cerralbo, available (here )〕 With the death of his father in 1867 Enrique as the oldest living son acquired the conde de Villalobos title,〔Agustín Fernández Escudero, ''El XVII marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922). Primera parte de la historia de un noble carlista, desde 1869 hasta 1900'', () ''Ab Initio: Revista digital para estudiantes de Historia'', 2 (2011), ISSN 2172671X, p. 136〕 which ensured his place in the middle-range aristocracy and a comfortable financial status. His position changed dramatically in the early 1870s, when, following childless death of his two paternal uncles and death of his paternal grandfather, José de Aguilera y Contreras, Enrique became the most senior male in line.〔Escudero 2011 (1), p. 136, (museo de cerralbo site ) 〕 He inherited marquésado de Cerralbo, along with many other aristocratic titles,〔The other titles inherited were 10th conde de Alcudia con Grandeza de España, 12th marques de Almarza, 9th marques de Campo Fuerte, conde de Foncalada, conde de Sacro Imperio, see (here ) and obituary (here )〕 some of them ceded to his brothers.〔like marques de Flores D’Avila, see ''Historia del Museo y su Fundador''〕 By virtue of the marquesado de Cerralbo and condado de Alcudia he became the double grandee of Spain. Enrique inherited part of his grandfather’s enormous wealth, including a number of estates in southern Leon,〔in Aranda de Duero, Ciudad Rodrigo, Vitigudino and Alba de Tormes districts〕 villa de Cerralbo and the San Boal palace in Salamanca.〔though the heritage was divided among 17 descendants and Enrique inherited only some 7% of the wealth, see Sánchez Herrero, Miguel, ''El fin de los “buenos tiempos” del absolutismo: los efectos de la revolución en la Casa de Cerralbo'', () ''Ayer'' 48 (2002), pp. 85-126.〕 The heritage elevated Enrique into the highest ranks of the Spanish nobility and ensured lifetime opulence. He later multiplied his wealth by marriage, cautious investments on stock exchange and in the railway business, and by inheriting part of the fortune of marqués de Monroy,〔Escudero 2012, p. 20, for the Monroyes see (here ) 〕 which allowed him to purchase new estates in Madrid, Santa María de Huerta and in Monroy.〔''Museo Cerralbo'' at Google Cultural Institute, available (here ); Jordi Canal i Morell, ''Banderas blancas, boinas rojas: una historia política del carlismo, 1876-1939'', Madrid 2006, ISBN 8496467341, 9788496467347 p. 120 claims that in 1876 de Cerralbo’s wealth was estimated at 21 mills reales, most of it in the Salamanca province〕 In 1871 Enrique married the mother of his university colleague, Manuela Inocencia Serrano y Cerver from Valencia,〔''Historia del Museo y su Fundador''〕 thirty years his senior and widow of the military and senator Antonio del Valle y Angelín;〔Maria Ángeles Granados Ortega, ''Don Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa (1845-1922), XVII marqués de Cerralbo'', () ''Museo Cerrabo, Guida Breve'', p. 9, for Angelin see his bios (here )〕 she brought into the family the children from her previous marriage.〔''Historia del Museo y su Fundador'', p. 9〕 Immediately afterwards the couple travelled extensively〔They toured France, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Great Britain, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Austro-Hungary, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the Balcans〕 and started construction of the family residence in Madrid. In 1893 the family moved into the freshly completed building at calle Ventura Rodríguez, designed in eclectic style〔Granados Ortega, p. 14〕 by renowned architects and from the outset intended to be also an art gallery, very much like the private pinacotecas seen across Europe.〔'Granados Ortega, p. 14〕 The building – usually referred to as a palace – served later also as a prestigious venue of social meetings, reported the day after by the Madrid press,〔Eduardo Valero, ''Las fiestas en Palacio'', () ''Historia Urbana de Madrid'', available (here ) 〕 and a location for political assemblies. The couple had no issue.〔see genealogy, e.g. (here )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|
